# Glossary of Dimensional Modeling Techniques（维度建模技术术语表）

Ralph Kimball introduced the data warehouse/business intelligence industry to dimensional modeling in 1996 with his seminal book, *The Data Warehouse Toolkit*. Since then, the Kimball Group has extended the portfolio of best practices.

Drawn from [*The Data Warehouse Toolkit, Third Edition*](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/books/data-warehouse-dw-toolkit/), the “official” Kimball dimensional modeling techniques are described on the following links and [attached .pdf](http://www.kimballgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/2013.09-Kimball-Dimensional-Modeling-Techniques11.pdf):

### Fundamental Concepts

- [Gather business requirements and data realities](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/business-requirements-data-realities)
- [Collaborative dimensional modeling workshops](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/collaborative-modeling-workshop)
- [Four step dimensional design process](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/four-4-step-design-process)
- [Business processes](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/business-process)
- [Grain](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/grain/)
- [Dimensions for descriptive context](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/dimensions-for-context)
- [Facts for measurements](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/facts-for-measurement)
- [Star schemas and OLAP cubes](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/star-schema-olap-cube/)
- [Graceful extensions to dimensional models](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/extensions)

### Basic Fact Table Techniques

- [Fact table structure](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/fact-table-structure)
- [Additive, semi-additive, and non-additive facts](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/additive-semi-additive-non-additive-fact)
- [Nulls in fact tables](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/fact-table-null)
- [Conformed facts](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/conformed-fact)
- [Transaction fact tables](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/transaction-fact-table)
- [Periodic snapshot fact tables](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/periodic-snapshot-fact-table)
- [Accumulating snapshot fact tables](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/accumulating-snapshot-fact-table)
- [Factless fact tables](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/factless-fact-table)
- [Aggregated fact tables or cubes](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/aggregate-fact-table-cube)
- [Consolidated fact tables](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/consolidated-fact-table)

### Basic Dimension Table Techniques

- [Dimension table structure](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/dimension-table-structure)
- [Dimension surrogate keys](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/dimension-surrogate-key)
- [Natural, durable and supernatural keys](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/natural-durable-supernatural-key)
- [Drilling down](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/drilling-down)
- [Degenerate dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/degenerate-dimension)
- [Denormalized flattened dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/denormalized-flattened-dimension)
- [Multiple hierarchies in dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/multiple-hierarchies)
- [Flags and indicators as dimension attributes](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/flag-indicator-attribute)
- [Null attributes in dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/null-dimension-attribute)
- [Calendar date dimension](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/calendar-date-dimension)
- [Role playing dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/role-playing-dimension)
- [Junk dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/junk-dimension)
- [Snowflaked dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/snowflake-dimension)
- [Outrigger dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/outrigger-dimension)

### Integration via Conformed Dimensions

- [Conformed dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/conformed-dimension)
- [Shrunken rollup dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/shrunken-rollup-dimension)
- [Drilling across](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/drilling-across)
- [Value chain](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/value-chain)
- [Enterprise data warehouse bus architecture](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/enterprise-data-warehouse-bus-architecture)
- [Enterprise data warehouse bus matrix](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/enterprise-data-warehouse-bus-matrix)
- [Opportunity/stakeholder matrix](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/opportunity-stakeholder-matrix)

### Slowly Changing Dimension Techniques

- [Type 0: Retain original](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/type-0)
- [Type 1: Overwrite](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/type-1)
- [Type 2: Add new row](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/type-2)
- [Type 3: Add new attribute](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/type-3)
- [Type 4: Add mini-dimension](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/type-4-mini-dimension)
- [Type 5: Add mini-dimension and Type 1 outrigger](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/type-5)
- [Type 6: Add Type 1 attributes to Type 2 dimension](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/type-6)
- [Type 7: Dual Type 1 and Type 2 dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/type-7)

### Dimension Hierarchy Techniques

- [Fixed depth positional hierarchies](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/fixed-depth-hierarchy)
- [Slightly ragged/variable depth hierarchies](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/slightly-ragged-variable-depth-hierarchy)
- [Ragged/variable depth hierarchies](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/ragged-variable-depth-hierarchy)

### Advanced Fact Table Techniques

- [Fact table surrogate key](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/fact-surrogate-key)
- [Centipede fact table](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/centipede-fact-table)
- [Numeric values as attributes or facts](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/numeric -attribute-fact)
- [Lag/duration facts](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/lag-duration-fact)
- [Header/line fact tables](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/header-line-fact-table)
- [Allocated facts](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/allocated-fact)
- [Profit and loss fact tables using allocations](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/profit-loss-fact-table)
- [Multiple currency facts](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/multiple-currencies)
- [Multiple units of measure](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/multiple-units-of-measure)
- [Year-to-date facts](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/year-to-date-fact)
- [Multipass SQL to avoid fact-to-fact table joins](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/multipass-sql)
- [Timespan tracking in fact tables](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/timespan-fact-table)
- [Late arriving facts](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/late-arriving-fact)

### Advanced Dimension Table Techniques

- [Dimension-to-dimension table joins](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/dimension-to-dimension-join)
- [Multivalued dimensions and bridge tables](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/multivalued-dimension-bridge-table)
- [Behavior tag time series](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/behavior-tag-series-attribute)
- [Behavior study group](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/behavior-study-group)
- [Aggregated facts as dimension attributes](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/aggregated-fact-attribute)
- [Dynamic value banding](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/dynamic-value-banding)
- [Text comments](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/text-comment)
- [Multiple time zones](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/multiple-time-zones)
- [Measure type dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/measure-type-dimension)
- [Step dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/step-dimension)
- [Hot swappable dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/hot-swappable-dimension)
- [Abstract generic dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/abstract-generic-dimension)
- [Audit dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/audit-dimension)
- [Late arriving dimensions](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/late-arriving-dimension)

### Special Purpose Schemas

- [Supertype and subtype schemas for heterogeneous products](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/supertype-subtype-heterogeneous)
- [Real-time fact tables](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/realtime-fact-table)
- [Error event schemas](http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/error-event-schema)

Here’s the .pdf version of [Kimball Dimensional Modeling Techniques](http://www.kimballgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/2013.09-Kimball-Dimensional-Modeling-Techniques11.pdf).